使用Cobbler安装多版本操作系统

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发布时间：2019-06-28

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Cobbler是PXE的二次开发产品所以功能更强大；

准备一台已经安装好操作系统的虚拟机：CentOS Linux release 7.5.1804 (Core) IP地址172.16.75.1

安装一些必备组件：

cobbler实在epel源当中的，可能直接yum安不上，所以我们先解决epel源的问题：

[root@1 ~]# yum -y install epel-release

然后安装组件：

[root@1 ~]# yum -y install cobbler dhcp bind httpd rsync syslinux tftp-server

安好，就进行下面的工作：

[root@1 ~]# setenforce 0

[root@1 ~]# iptables -F

[root@1 ~]# systemctl start httpd

[root@1 ~]# systemctl start cobblerd

[root@1 ~]# cobbler check //检查，对出现的问题一一解决

The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:

1 : The 'server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than localhost, or kickstarting features will not work. This should be a resolvable hostname or IP for the boot server as reachable by all machines that will use it.

2 : For PXE to be functional, the 'next_server' field in /etc/cobbler/settings must be set to something other than 127.0.0.1, and should match the IP of the boot server on the PXE network.

3 : SELinux is enabled. Please review the following wiki page for details on ensuring cobbler works correctly in your SELinux environment:

4 : change 'disable' to 'no' in /etc/xinetd.d/tftp

5 : Some network boot-loaders are missing from /var/lib/cobbler/loaders, you may run 'cobbler get-loaders' to download them, or, if you only want to handle x86/x86_64 netbooting, you may ensure that you have installed a recent version of the syslinux package installed and can ignore this message entirely. Files in this directory, should you want to support all architectures, should include pxelinux.0, menu.c32, elilo.efi, and yaboot. The 'cobbler get-loaders' command is the easiest way to resolve these requirements.

6 : enable and start rsyncd.service with systemctl

7 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories

8 : The default password used by the sample templates for newly installed machines (default_password_crypted in /etc/cobbler/settings) is still set to 'cobbler' and should be changed, try: "openssl passwd -1 -salt 'random-phrase-here' 'your-password-here'" to generate new one

9 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them

Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

解决第一个问题：

解决第二个问题：

解决第三个问题：

[root@1 ~]# setenforce 0 //执行者各命令就行了

解决第四个问题：

解决第五个问题：

解决第六个问题：

[root@1 ~]# systemctl enable rsyncd

Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rsyncd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rsyncd.service.

[root@1 ~]# systemctl start rsyncd

解决第八个问题：

[root@1 ~]# openssl passwd -1 123456

$1$1PRzBrcv$DUkTlLcxl/PFAtLZWdJ4M.

第七个和第九个不用管；

我们可以看到在问题结尾有这么一行：Restart cobblerd and then run 'cobbler sync' to apply changes.

解决完这些完问题后，按照最后一行的提示操作即可：

[root@1 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@1 ~]# cobbler sync

完成后再次检查：

这些就不用管了，对我们安装系统就没影响了；

接下来我们要用cobbler管理dhcp：

[root@1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings

[root@1 ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template

修改上面的内容即可，这些都是干啥的我在之前的PXE安装操作系统的时候有解释；

重启服务，同步数据：

[root@1 ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd

[root@1 ~]# cobbler sync

[root@1 ~]# cat /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf //再次查看，其内部会自动添加如下内容；

**

Cobbler managed dhcpd.conf file

generated from cobbler dhcp.conf template (Sun Jan 6 04:01:36 2019)

Do NOT make changes to /etc/dhcpd.conf. Instead, make your changes

in /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template, as /etc/dhcpd.conf will be

overwritten.

**

ddns-update-style interim;

allow booting;

allow bootp;

ignore client-updates;

set vendorclass = option vendor-class-identifier;

option pxe-system-type code 93 = unsigned integer 16;

subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {

option routers 172.16.75.1;

option domain-name-servers 172.16.75.1;

option subnet-mask 255.255.0.0;

range dynamic-bootp 172.16.100.100 172.16.100.254;

default-lease-time 21600;

max-lease-time 43200;

next-server 172.16.75.1;

class "pxeclients" {

match if substring (option vendor-class-identifier, 0, 9) = "PXEClient";

if option pxe-system-type = 00:02 {

filename "ia64/elilo.efi";

} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:06 {

filename "grub/grub-x86.efi";

} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:07 {

filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";

} else if option pxe-system-type = 00:09 {

filename "grub/grub-x86_64.efi";

} else {

filename "pxelinux.0";

}

group for Cobbler DHCP tag: default

group {

}

与PXE不同，Cobbler可以自动帮助我们生成系统安装的yum 源，而不需要我们自己去制作，我们只要指定光盘路径就好了，并指定kickstart文件路径（这个文件的制作之前的博客中有说呦）：

[root@1 ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom

[root@1 ~]# mount -r /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/

[root@1 ~]# cobbler import --name="CentOS-7.5-x86_64" --path=/mnt/cdrom --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos7-common-ks.cfg --arch=x86_64

task started: 2019-01-06_121449_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jan 6 12:14:49 2019)

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7

Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7

Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64:

creating new distro: CentOS-7.5-x86_64

trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-7.5-x86_64

creating new profile: CentOS-7.5-x86_64

associating repos

checking for rsync repo(s)

checking for rhn repo(s)

checking for yum repo(s)

starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64 for CentOS-7.5-x86_64

processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64

need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64

looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml

Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-7.5-x86_64/repodata

TASK COMPLETE

这个过程很慢，等等就好；

好这个Centos7.5的就准备好了，我们在准备一个Centos6.7的：

在我们的虚拟机中把Centos6.7的光盘镜像挂载上然后再进行操作：

[root@1 ~]# mount -r /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/

[root@1 ~]# cobbler import --name="CentOS-6.7-x86_64" --path=/mnt/cdrom --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/centos6-common-ks.cfg --arch=x86_64

task started: 2019-01-06_124948_import

task started (id=Media import, time=Sun Jan 6 12:49:48 2019)

Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6

Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64:

Warning : Multiple archs found : ['x86_64', 'i386']
creating new distro: CentOS-6.7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.7-x86_64
creating new profile: CentOS-6.7-x86_64
creating new distro: CentOS-6.7-i386
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/CentOS-6.7-i386
creating new profile: CentOS-6.7-i386
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64 for CentOS-6.7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64/repodata
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64 for CentOS-6.7-i386
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64/repodata/comps.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/CentOS-6.7-x86_64/repodata
TASK COMPLETE
在这呢，你多换几个光盘分别挂载，并设置就可以完成多个系统选择了，当我们完成这些操作后可以看到
[root@1 ~]# cat /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
DEFAULT menu
PROMPT 0
MENU TITLE Cobbler |
TIMEOUT 200
TOTALTIMEOUT 6000
ONTIMEOUT local